地区间城乡义务教育公平差异研究

A Study of Regional Difference in Urban-Rural Compulsory Education Equity

本文构建了城乡义务教育公平指数,并计算了2003年和2007年全国31个地区的城乡义务教育公平指数得分。近年来绝大部分地区城乡义务教育公平情况有所改善。但是,横向比较来看,不同地区差异很大。随后,本文从城乡经济发展差异和政府财政管理体制两个方面论述了城乡义务教育公平指数的影响因素,并采用回归分解的计量分析方法进一步探讨了不同地区城乡义务教育公平指数得分差异的关键原因。研究发现,省内财政分权是地区间城乡义务教育公平水平差异的最主要决定因素,它解释了地区间城乡义务教育公平指数差异的42%。最后,还探讨了省内财政分权影响城乡义务教育公平的作用机制。

After constructing an urban-rural compulsory education equity index, we calculate the urban-rural compulsory education equity index scores of 31 regions in 2003 and 2007.Most regions make a great step forward in urban-rural education equity between 2003 and 2007, but the regional difference is still prominent. Then, we discuss two main deteiminants of it： urban-rural economic development gap and inner-provincial fiscal system. Using regression-based composition method, we find that inner-provincial fiscal decentralization plays the most important role in regional difference in urban-rural compulsory education equity. At last, we discuss the effective mechanism how inner-provincial fiscal decentralization influences urban-rural compulsory education equity.