利什曼原虫研究进展

Progress on Leishmania

利什曼原虫能够引发利什曼原虫病,其黏附于巨噬细胞,黏附后随巨噬细胞的吞噬活动进入细胞内并大量增殖,使感染者肝脾肿大,然而由于感染途径、剂量和种株的不同,利什曼原虫的致病性也存在差异。利什曼原虫的检测方法有许多,常见有ELISA、PCRI、FAT等。PCR技术不光应用于诊断利什曼原虫病,还被广泛应用于利什曼原虫的种属鉴定及不同种利什曼原虫体内基因的表达和克隆等方面。另外,原位杂交方法也可检测利什曼原虫,但应用原位杂交方法对利什曼原虫进行的研究还较少。利什曼原虫体内存在一种高度保守性蛋白(LACK),国外学者认为LACK是研究利什曼原虫疫苗的一个很好的候选抗原。

Leishmania can cause leishmaniasis,and adhere to the surface of macrophages.With the phagocytic activity of macrophages,Leishmania enters the macrophages and proliferates massively,then results in the intumesce of liver and splen.But as a result of the infection routes,different doses and different types of strains,the pathogenicity of Leishmania are also different.There are many methods detecting Leishmania,such as ELISA,PCR,IFAT and so on.PCR technology is not only used in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis,also widely used in identification of Leishmania species,gene expression and cloning of different species of Leishmania and so on.In addition,in situ hybridization can detect Leishmania,but researches of in situ hybridization to Leishmania were less.There is a highly conserved protein（LACK） in Leishmania.The Leishmania LACK is thought to be a good candidate of vaccine antigens.