世界历史:马克思的概念及思想体系——兼谈西方全球史学的成就与局限

World History:Marx's Concept and Ideologies——A Discussion of the Achievements and Limitations of Global History of the West

为了回应西方全球史学对我国世界史教学、研究和编撰工作提出的挑战,本文对马克思的"世界历史"概念及思想体系进行了系统的考察,提出各民族"普遍联系"论和"社会形态"演进论,可视作其"世界历史"概念及思想体系的两个要点或思路,认为有关"世界历史"的横向发展问题和纵向发展问题它都注意到了。然后,本文就由此产生的五大问题进行了初步的探讨,并通过这种探讨来揭示马克思"世界历史"概念的丰富内涵,论证人类社会的演化而非横向联系才是构成世界历史的主线,"大工业"的发展仅是世界历史中两种趋势发生"交集"的开始,而"国际社会"的形成和发展才是两种趋势的"真正交集点",西方的全球史不是完整的世界史,因而不能取代传统的世界史。

The development of global history of the West has posed a great challenge to the teaching,research and compilation of world history in China.In response to this challenge,the paper systematically reviews Marx's concept and ideologies of 'world history',and argues that the theory of 'universal band' among all ethnic groups and the theory of 'the evolution of social formation' can be considered as two main points or ways of thinking.The author points out that Marx's ideologies cover both the transverse and fore-and-aft development of 'world history',and provides a preliminary survey about the five major issues concerned.By analyzing these factors,the author lays out a very strong argument that the evolution of social formation,rather than the transverse development of society,is the central drive of 'world history',and the development of 'great industry' is just the very beginning of the 'intersection' between the two trends in world history,whereas the formation and development of international community is the 'real intersection' between the two trends.Therefore,the global history of the West is not the complete history of the world and cannot replace traditional 'world history'.