应用RAPD技术对蜘蛛系统演化的初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Systematic Evolution of Spider Using RAPD Technique

利用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ 技术检测了３ 类不同蜘蛛的系统发生关系．用１２ 个随机引物对各实验蜘蛛的基因组ＤＮＡ 进行扩增，选择其中扩增谱带清晰的８ 个引物进行分析并计算不同类蜘蛛间的遗传距离．结果表明：所有８ 个引物获得的ＲＡＰＤ谱带均表现为不同程度的多态性；地穴型蜘蛛与结网型蜘蛛间的遗传距离及结网型与游猎型之间的遗传距离，均比地穴型与游猎型之间的遗传距离近，体现了蜘蛛由地穴→结网→游猎的系统演化进程．这一结论与根据古生物学、胚胎学、形态学及生态学等得出的结论一致，从而进一步从ＤＮＡ 分子水平上为蜘蛛系统演化提供了新的证据．

The phylogenetic relationship of three different kinds of spiders were detected by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique.The genomic DNA of each sample was amplified with twelve random primers.Eight primers whose amplified bands were clear have been analyzed and genetic distances of different kinds of spiders have been calculated.The result showed that RAPD bands obtained by all eight primers evinced different degree polymorphisms;both genetic distance between burrowing spiders and weaving web spiders and genetic distance between weaving web spiders and wandering spiders are closer than genetic distance between burrowing spiders and wandering spiders.The different distances indicated that there is a main course of spider's evolution which is from the burrowing to the weaving web to the wandering.It was corresponding to the conclusion made by palacontology, embryology, morphology,and ecology.Our work provided the systematic evolution of spider with new evidence at DNA molecular level.