三疣梭子蟹不同养殖模式池塘夏季溶解氧变化特征的研究

A Study for Variation of Dissovled Oxygen in Different Breeding Mode Ponds of Portunus trituberculatus in Summer

2010年8月对三疣梭子蟹4种不同养殖模式池塘溶解氧含量进行连续24 h的观察,分析不同养殖模式水体中溶解氧含量的昼夜和垂直变化特征。结果表明:表层溶解氧在4种养殖模式池塘中昼夜变化规律基本一致,表现为下午最高,凌晨最低,白天高于夜间;底层溶解氧,在有机械增氧的三种养殖模式中,昼夜变化规律与表层基本一致,与之相反,无增氧的条件下,其溶解氧变化呈夜间高于白天的状态。溶解氧的垂直变化,均为中午表层高于底层,尤以传统养殖更为显著;夜间垂直变化相对较少。通过对3种增氧模式的增氧效果的比较分析,以高位池精养模式效果最好,底充氧模式稍差。同时探讨了溶解氧与水深和光照等环境因子的关系,认为夏季在梭子蟹养殖生产中,如未配置增氧设施,水位应控制在1.0 m左右为宜。

In August 2010,the continuous investigations on dissolved oxygen contents in 4 different breeding mode ponds of Portunus trituberculatus were carried out,the features of daily variation and vertical variation of dissolved oxygen contents were analyzed.The result showed that： the daily variations discipline of dissolved oxygen contents in surface water in 4 different breeding mode ponds is consistent,it is higest in the afternoon,lowest in the early morning before dawn,higher in the daytime than in the night;about the bottom water dissolved oxygen,the daily variation discipline is similar with the surface in the ponds equipped with aeration facilities,but there is opposite discipline in the ponds with no aeration facilities.The vertical change discipline of dissolved oxygen contents in 4 different breeding mode ponds is same,it is higher in surface wa ter than in the bottom in the noon,especially the traditional breeding mode pond;the vertical change is no significant during the night.At the same time,the aeration effects of three kinds of ponds equipped with aeration facilities were compared,the result is the aeration effect of higher-place aquiculture mode is best,the pond-bottom rechargeable aerobic aquiculture mode is a bit poor.Also the relationships of dissolved oxygen contents with water depth and illumination were discussed,and suggested that the aquiculture of portunus trituberculatus in summer,if there is no aeration facilities,the water depth should be controlled in 1.0 meter or so.