中、晚期孕妇缺铁性贫血的调查分析

Investigation of iron deficiency anemia in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

目的了解广州城区中、晚期孕妇缺铁性贫血患病率及膳食影响因素。方法测定699名孕妇的血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、血清铁及铁蛋白，进行24小时膳食调查，并对数据进行分析。结果孕妇血红蛋白平均为115．8±11．2g／L。按血红蛋白〈105g／L诊断标准，孕妇缺铁性贫血睾病率为18．3％，中、晚期患病率分别为13．9％和28．6％，经比较有显著性差异（X^2=21．123，P〈0．05）。贫血孕妇膳食铁摄入不足，以植物性铁为主，肉类、蛋类、奶类等动物性食物和水果撮入量显著低于对照组（均P〈0．05），促进铁吸收的营养素（蛋白质、维生紊A、核黄素、维生素c、锌）显著低于对照组（均P〈0．05）。结论广州城区中、晚期孕妇铁缺乏问题仍然突出，与膳食结构不合理、不良的饮食习惯密切相关；合理膳食指导是防治缺铁性贫血的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the relationship between iron status and prevalence of iron deficiency anemia（IDA） and the effects of dietary factors on IDA in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Methods Blood haemoglobin （HGB）, mean cell volume （MCV）, mean cell hemoglobin （MCH）, serum iron, and serum ferritin （SF） were measured in 699 pregnant women. The intakes of foods and food ingredients were surveyed by using 24h dietary recall. Results The mean HGB concentration was 115.8 ±11.2 g/L in pregnant women. Taking HGB 〈 105g/Las diagnostic criterion, the prevalence of IDA was 18.3%. It was 13.9% in the second trimester of pregnancy and 28.6% in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the difference was significant （X^2 = 21. 123, P 〈 0. 05 ）. With lower intakes of animal foods such as meat, egg and milk, the average daily iron, which mostly came from vegetable foods, and the enhancing factors such as protein, retinol, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and zine were remarkably lower in IDA group than those in normal group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion IDA still is an important health problem that is related to abnormal dietary pattern and bad eating habits. Rational dietary is an effective measure to prevent and cure IDA.