陕西农村更年期妇女潮热情况的调查

Relationship between leptin level and hot flashes in rural menopausal women

目的探讨陕西农村更年期妇女潮热症状的发生情况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法抽取陕西省陕南、陕北、关中5个县的40-60岁农村妇女825名进行问卷调查。结果①陕西农村更年期妇女潮热的发生率为55．7％，潮热发生的平均年龄为47．45±6．55岁，平均持续时间为3．58±2．76年。在潮热妇女中轻、中、重度潮热分别占48．2％、42．9％和8．9％，潮热发生较频繁者占35．5％；②潮热组文化程度比无潮热组低（X^2=37．613），生产次数（X^2=9．391）、食用豆制品（X^2=12．724）、体育锻炼（X^2=44．730）、对更年期的了解（X^2=46．202）较无潮热组少，家人对妇女的态度（X^2=16．343）较无潮热组差，性生活满意度（X^2=10．518）较无潮热组低，身体质量指数（X^2=8．109）和腰臀比（矿=20．469）较无潮热组高，经比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈O．05）；③农村更年期妇女的文化程度及对更年期的认识与潮热程度有关（X^2分别为81．685、31．111，均P〈0．05）。结论陕西农村更年期妇女潮热的发生率相对较高；其影响因素有文化程度、生育情况、食用豆制品、体育锻炼、对更年期认识、性生活情况、家人对农村更年期妇女态度、身体质量指数和腰臀比。

Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of hot flashes in rural menopausal women of Shaanxi province. Methods 825 rural women aged 40-60 years were selected from five counties in South, North and Central areas of Shaanxi province with multi-stage cluster sampling method. All of the women accomplished questionnaires. Results The incidence of hot flashes was 55.7% in rural menopausal women, among which 48.2% with mild hot flashes, 42.9% with moderate hot flashes and 8.9% with severe hot flashes. The mean onset age was 47.45 ＋6.55 years old. Women with repeated attack of hot flashes accounted for 35.5%. Education level and sexual satisfaction in hot flashes group were lower than those in women without hot flashes （X^2 was 37. 613,10. 518,P 〈 0.05）. The consumption of soy products, delivery times, physical exercise and understanding of menopause in hot flashes group was less than those in the group without hot flashes （X^2 was 12.724,9.391,44.730,46.002, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. The attitude of family members to women was worse in hot flashes group（X^2 = 16.343 ,P 〈0.05）. Body mass index （BMI） and waist hip ratio （WHR） were higher in hot flashes group than those in the women without hot flashes （X^2 was 8. 109,20.469 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. The differences were significant（P 〈 0.05 ）. There was certain relationship between the educational level, the understanding of menopause and the degree of hot flashes （X^2 was 81. 685, 31. lll,P 〈0.05 ）. Conclusion The incidence of hot flashes in rural menopausal Women of Shaanxi province is relatively high. The influencing factors include education, fertility, soy products consumption, physical exercise, understanding of menopause, sexual life, the attitude of family members to women, BMI and WHR.