上海市郊区初中女生青春期保健知识现状调查

Survey on adolescent health knowledge of junior high school girls of Huaxin Town in Shanghai

目的了解社区青春期少女的生理心理状况，为建立规范、有效、人性化、科学化的社区青春期保健服务模式提供依据。方法对上海市青浦区华新镇两所中学的444名女学生进行问卷调查，以获取其对青春期保健知识的认知程度以及对青春期保健的服务需求。结果女生现有青春期保健知识的获取途径排在前3位的是母亲、课堂教科书、同学朋友。女生青春期保健知识的知晓率在60分以上者占2．70％，60分以下者占97．30％。外来务工家庭学生与本地学生在认知程度上比较无显著性差异（X^2=0．101，P=0．751）；认知程度与父母文化程度之间比较无显著性差异（X^2=1．712，P=0．425）。有关青春期女生生理保健知识：4道选择题的认知程度与年级高低之间比较存在显著性差异（X^2=24．583，P=0．000；X^2=29．612，P=0．000；X^2=22．603，P=0．000；X^2=12．419，P=0．002）；6道选择题的认知程度与年级高低之间比较无显著性差异（均P〉0．05）。有88．26％的女生认为自己的心理健康受父母关系好坏的影响；在出现心理问题时，愿意找心理医生咨询者占2．22％。结论家庭及学校在青春期保健方面的教育及指导存在不足；社区卫生服务中心应结合学校的教育平台，积极开展青春期生理心理健康教育，提出科学有效的社区干预方法并积极予以实施。

Objective To understand physiological and psychological status of adolescent girls in the community so as to provide basis for establishing a standardized, effective, humane and scientific community adolescent health service model. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 444 female students in two middle schools in Huaxin Town, Qingpu District in Shanghai to obtain their awareness level of adolescent health knowledge and health service needs. Results The top three ways of acquiring adolescent health knowledge were from mother, from textbooks and from classmates and friends. There were 2.70% of girls getting more than 60 scores in awareness rates, and 97.30% getting lower scores. The difference between the cognition degree of students from migrant families and local families was not significant （X^2 = 0. 101 ,P = 0.751 ）, and the difference between girls＇ cognition degree and parents＇ culture was also not significant （X^2 = 1. 712 ,P =0. 425）. In the adolescent health knowledge questionnaire, the awareness level of 4 multiple-choice questions was significantly A/2 = different from school grades （X^2 =24.583,P =0.000; X^2 =29.612,P=0.000;X^2 =22.603,P =0.000; 12.419,P =0.002）, but the difference was not significant between awareness level of the other 6 multiple-choice questions and school grades （ all P 〉 0.05 ）. There ware 88.26% girls considering that their psychological status was influenced by the relationship of parents. Only 2.22% girls would like to visit psychological doctors when having psychological problems. Conclusion The education and guidance on adolescent health knowledge from family and school are deficient. Community health service center should combine the education platform of school, develop relative psychological education programs, and provide scientific and effective community interventions and put them into practice.