妇科围手术期患者动脉粥样硬化的早期检测

Early detection of atherosclerosis in perioperational patients of gynecology department

据世界卫生组织统计，动脉粥样硬化及其引起的其他心脑血管事件已成为发达国家和我国患者死亡的最常见原因，其主要的病理特征是内膜粥瘤、粥样化或纤维斑块形成，可累及大、中动脉（弹力型、弹力肌型动脉），使动脉管腔狭窄和中膜弹性减弱。吸烟、高血压、高血脂增加其发生率，病程迁延可引起严重的后果。动脉粥样硬化多起病于青年，并于中老年出现临床症状。因此，早期检测对于降低死亡率和预防性干预都至关重要。对于妇科围手术期患者也能起到减轻手术及麻醉风险、预防并发症的作用。目前常用的临床检测包括血流介导的血管舒张、内膜中层厚度等。

According to statistics from WHO, atherosclerosis and its related cardiovascular incidents have become the most common cause of death in developed countries and China. The main pathological characteristics are the formation of atheroma or fibrous plaque. They mainly involve aorta and median artery, and make them narrow and reduce elasticity of media. Smoking, hypertension and hyperlipemia may increase the incidence. When running a chronic course, it may lead to serious consequences. Atherosclerosis attacks in youth and shows clinical manifestations in middle-aged and senior people. Thus, early detection is vital for mortality reduction and prevention. To perioperational patients of gynecology department, it can also minimize the operative and anaesthetic risks and prevent complications. The methods commonly available today include flow-mediated dilatation （FMD） intima-media thickness （IMT）.