青海可鲁克湖水鸟季节动态及渔鸥活动区分析

Seasonal changes in waterbirds population and movements of Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus at Keluke Lake of Qinghai,China

2008—2010年,对青海可鲁克湖的水鸟季节动态进行了调查。共记录到54种34828只水鸟,隶属于6目11科,雁鸭类水鸟最多,共统计到28445只,占水鸟总数的81.7%;其次是鸥类和鸻鹬类。可鲁克湖在水鸟春秋季迁徙高峰期在4月和10月,这也是水鸟多样性较高的两个月,其主要原因是由于迁徙鸭类数量和种类的增加。卫星跟踪表明,可鲁克湖是青海湖繁殖渔鸥重要的停歇地,渔鸥在可鲁克湖的停歇天数每年也有所不同,2007年和2008年秋季较2006年停歇时间短一些,初步判断与当地的人为干扰有关。当地政府对道路进行修建,其正好位于渔鸥的活动区内,这对渔鸥的日常活动造成较大影响,迫使渔鸥提前离开可鲁克湖。春季停歇天数的不同主要与青海湖面冰融的时间有关,若青海湖由于温度较高,冰融的时间早一些,渔鸥可能提前离开可鲁克湖,前往青海湖进行繁殖活动。

A study on seasonal dynamic of waterbirds was conducted from 2008 to 2010 at Keluke Lake,Qinghai Province,China.The study was to establish waterbird baseline information for the surveillance of avian influenza and wetland conservation and management at Keluke Lake.A total of 34828 waterbirds,belonging to 54 species,11 families and 6 orders,were recorded during the survey.There were 28445 geese and ducks,accounting for 81.7% of all waterbirds counted,followed by gulls and shorebirds.April and October were two peak periods for spring and fall migrations of waterbirds at Keluke Lake,respectively.Satellite tracking on Great Black-headed Gulls Larus ichthyaetus breeding at Qinghai Lake of Qinghai province showed that Keluke Lake was an important stopover site of the gulls.The time they spent during fall migration varied between years.In 2007,the gulls stayed very short,likely resulted from a road construction occurring an area normally as the home range of the gulls.The timing of their arriving at the lake during spring migration possibly related to the ice melting at Qinghai Lake,the quicker the ice melted at Qinghai Lake,the earlier the gulls flew to Qinghai Lake from Keluke Lake.