氮磷用量与施肥方式对玉米生长发育的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application and Fertilization Methods on Maize Growth

通过田间试验,研究在不同施肥方式和不同氮磷肥用量条件下,玉米根系和地上部的生育特征、根际脲酶和磷酸酶特征、氮磷养分吸收量。结果表明,施肥量为800 kg/hm2(种子侧下方6 cm)处理的玉米地上部分生物量和根系生物量最高,成熟期根系和地上部分的吸氮、吸磷量也最高,子粒产量也较高;各处理玉米不同生育期根际土壤脲酶和磷酸酶的活性明显高于非根际;在肥力相对较高的土壤,减施20%～40%氮磷肥至少可以维持玉米当年的产量,施肥方式对玉米的子粒产量影响很小。

Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of N and P supply levels and application methods on maize physiological determinants, N and P use efficiency, urease activity and phosphatase activity at rhizosphere. The results showed that root and shoot biomass under N and P fertilizer was significantly higher than those of no-fertilizer treatment. Under different application methods, the treatments where fertilizer positioned 6cm side to seed row and 6cm below the soil surface had significantly higher, shoot and root biomass than no-fertilizer treatment and decreased 40% fertilizer supply treatment. In general, under high soil fertility, decrease 20%-40% fertilizer supply level could not be significantly lower maize yield, and fertilizer application methods had no effects on maize yield.