灌溉制度对冬小麦耗水及产量的影响

Effects of irrigation system on the water consumption and the yield of winter wheat.

研究结果表明,随灌水量的增加,冬小麦总耗水量明显增加,土壤贮水消耗量相应减少;随总耗水量的增加,冬小麦生育后期耗水所占的比例明显增加;当灌水量相同时,灌水越早的处理耗水量越多。不同的灌溉制度对冬小麦产量结构与产量有显著影响,起身水主要增加穗数,拔节水显著增加穗粒数,而孕穗期或开花期灌水对提高千粒重有明显作用;1水以孕穗期,2水以拔节期和开花期,3水以拔节期、开花期和灌浆期灌水效果最佳。适当控制开花前耗水量,增加开花后耗水量,有利于增加产量和提高水分利用效率。

The field experiments were carried out at Wuqiao Experiment Station of China Agricultural University from 1993 to 1994. Eleven irrigation systems were made up by five irrigated rates at winter wheat growth period from non-irrigation (0 mm) to four-time irrigation (4×75 mm),and by five irrigated times from upstanding stage to grain-filling stage,their water consumpation and yield formation were studied. The results showed that the total water consumpation increased, and soil storage water consumption decreased in proportion to the increment of irrigated water;and the proportion consumed after flowering stage increased as the total water consumption increased. The yield and their components changed significantly under different irrigation systems. It showed that irrigation at upstanding stage increased ear number,at jointing stage increased grain number,and at booting stage or flowering stage increased grain weight. Irrigation once at booting stage was the best. Two-times of irrigation should be given at jointing stage and flowering stage,and three times of irrigation should be given at jointing stage, flowering stage and grain-filling stage. It was very useful for higher yield and water use efficiency by limiting the water consumption before flowering stage and increasing the consumption after flowering stage.