道路融雪除冰技术现状与发展趋势分析

Snow and Ice Melting Techniques of Pavement:State of the Art and Development Tendency

路面积雪结冰给交通和行车安全造成严重威胁.欧美、日本等国在道路融冰化雪技术研究及应用方面做了大量的工作,我国在这方面的研究非常薄弱.总结分析了国内外道路融冰雪技术的现状及发展方向,可以看出:使用融雪剂和机械除冰雪是普遍的方法,但存在环境污染和不能及时清除的弊端.地热、电热、改进路面材料等主动方法不普遍,处于研究和小范围试验使用阶段.在当前技术条件下,我国应对冰雪灾害天气的对策:1)交通管理部门应提前制定融雪化冰计划,加强重点路段、桥段的冬季养护;2)发展健全道路冰雪灾害气象预警系统;3)开展环保、智能融雪防冰技术研究.通过科学应对,可以减少我国北方寒区及南方冻雨区的交通拥堵和交通事故.

Snow cover dangerous to traffic. and icing of pavement are There are many countries troubled by this disaster. Many efforts have been made against the snow and ice disasters in Europe, North America and Japan. But it is just at the beginning in China. The state of the art and development tendency of snow and ice melting techniques are summarized and analyzed in this paper. Snow melting agent and machine removing are popular; however, they have environmental problems and can not remove snow and ice in time. Geothermal utilization, electric heating and improving pave- ment materials, still in the searching stage in small scope, are not widespread. It is suggested that, under the current situation of melting techniques, snow melting plan should be made to deal with the snow and ice weather, especially for key roads, streets and bridges. In addition, developing an early warning system for the weather of snowy and snow disaster on roads is important. Researches on environmentally benign and intelligent melting techniques should be encouraged also.