福州蔬菜基地土壤中有机氯农药污染特征及其风险评价

Characteristics and Risk Evaluation of Organochlorine Pesticides Pollution in Vegetable Soils Collected from Fuzhou

采用气相色谱检测法和尼梅罗综合污染指数法,对福州市蔬菜基地69个土壤样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)残留量、组成特征进行分析和风险评价。结果表明,OCPs检出率为100%,质量分数范围为4.63～375μg/kg,平均值为92.6μg/kg;滴滴涕(DDTs)检出率和残留量最高,检出率达100%,质量分数范围为4.63～298μg/kg,平均值为55.7μg/kg。土壤中OCPs主要污染物为DDTs、六六六(HCHs),且以代谢产物为主,无新污染源进入。土壤中OCPs综合污染指数为0.100～0.432,为最低1级,符合无公害蔬菜生产环境质量标准,对哺乳动物的风险较低,但个别蔬菜基地土壤中DDTs残留量对该区域鸟类和土壤微生物可能有潜在风险。

Sixty-nine soil samples were collected from the vegetable fields in Fuzhou and the organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） residues in the soils were detected by gas chromatography. Results showed that OCPs were detected in all samples and the residue concentration ranged from 4.63 to 375μg/kg dry weight and the average value was 55.7μg/kg. Residues characteristics analysis indicated that no new OCPs pollution was inputted. The environment pollution indices of Fuzhou vegetable soils belonged to the first class, which was fit to grow green vegetable. HCHs residues showed low ecological risk, but DDTs residues maight be hazardous to birds and soil organisms except for mammals.