中外合同能源管理应用发展对比研究及启示

A Comparison between Chinese and Foreign EPC Applications and Implications

合同能源管理(EPC)目前在美国、加拿大、法国、德国和日本等节能强国已形成一个具有巨大市场潜力的新兴产业。我国于1998年12月正式引入EPC,虽然取得了不小的成绩,但与节能强国的EPC发展模式相比,仍然存在许多不足。从宏观上来讲,我国目前尚缺少能够保证EPC健康发展的法律环境,特别是缺少强制性的法律法规;EPC专项发展资金不足,且专项担保基金的条件对于大多数节能服务公司(EMCo)来说标准太高;我国的节能宣传从未真正达到过学校教育的高度,在面向大众的报刊、广播和电视上的宣传明显不足;我国在节能量的科学测算和标准化合同样本方面做得不尽如人意。微观方面,我国EMCo的融资环境可谓艰难;EMCo在运用EPC进行节能项目时面临的最大问题之一就是资金的回收风险;我国EMCo提供的节能服务主要还是集中在节能设备上,在节能技术的研发和应用上缺少核心竞争力;节能服务领域主要集中在工业节能和民用建筑节能,而公共机构市场尚未成为我国EMCo的主要市场。今后,我国应建立全方位的节能宣传教育体系,健全节能方面的法律法规,加强国家性的政策支持,拓展EMCo的融资渠道,加大对节能行业的指导力度,改革不利于EPC推广应用的旧体制,促进其推广应用。

Energy performance contracting（EPC） is an emerging industry with enormous market potential in energy-efficient countries such as the United States,Canada,France,Germany and Japan.China introduced EPC in December 1998 and has made significant achievements in using it although the EPC development mode in China still has many defects as compared to those in energy-efficient countries.From the microscopic perspective,China now lacks a legal environment that ensures the healthy development of EPC,particularly short of enforceable laws and regulations;there is no sufficient special funds for EPC development and the standards for entitlement to special guarantee funds are too high to most energy management companies;energy saving has never been part of school education and more efforts are needed to promote public awareness of saving energy via newspapers,broadcasting and TV;and not enough has been done in developing methods for calculating the amount of energy saved in a scientific manner and in standardizing sample contracts.From the microscopic perspective,the financing environment for domestic energy management companies is tough;one of the biggest challenges faced by energy management companies in applying EPC in energy saving projects is fund recovery risk;most energy saving services provided by domestic energy management companies are energy-saving equipment and they usually lack core competitiveness in the research,development and application of energy saving technologies;and most energy management services target industrial facilities and civil buildings and the public institution market is still not the main target of energy management companies.China should move to establish a comprehensive energy saving promotion and education system,perfect laws and regulations on energy saving,step up national policy support,expand the financing channels for energy management companies,strengthen its efforts to guide the energy management industry and reform old systems posing a restraint on the wider application of EPC to promote its use.