加氢工艺对异构基础油性质的影响

The Influence of Hydrogenation Technology on Properties of Isomerization Base Oil

在微反装置中,考察了反应温度和液时空速(LHSV)对加氢裂化尾油(HTO)、减四线油(VGO)加氢异构基础油性质的影响。通过气相色谱(GC)/质谱联用仪(MS)方法,对HTO、VGO加氢异构产品的族组成和碳数分布进行表征,结果表明:HTO和VGO均可作为通过加氢异构工艺生产APIⅡ+类基础油的原料。基础油的黏度指数随空速的降低而降低,随反应温度的升高而降低。基础油馏分中正构烷烃基本消失,说明所用催化剂具有良好的异构性能,基础油倾点随空速的降低而降低,随反应温度的升高而降低。原料的裂化反应程度随空速的降低而升高,随反应温度的升高而升高。通过族组成分析,推断出对基础油的产品性质发生影响的主要因素有:正构烷烃的异构化反应,异构烷烃的二次异构反应,单、双环化合物的支链异构反应,单、双环化合物的环压缩异构反应,多环烷烃化合物部分开环反应,芳烃化合物加氢饱和和开环反应。此外,加氢裂化反应也可改善产品的低温流动性能,但会损失目的产品收率。

This article examines the influence of reaction temperature and liquid hourly space velocity（LHSV） on the properties of base oil produced by hydro-isomerization of HTO and VGO in micro-reactors.Using GC/MS methods,the article characterizes the group composition and carbon number distribution of the products produced by hydro-isomerization of HTO and VGO.The characterization results show that both HTO and VGO can be used as the feedstock for producing API Ⅱ＋ base oil by hydro-isomerization.The viscosity index of the base oil produced drops with the decline of LHSV and with the rise of reaction temperature.Basically no normal paraffin is found among the base oil′s fractions and this suggests that the catalyst used has good isomerization properties.The pour point of the base oil drops with the decline of LHSV and with the rise of reaction temperature.The degree of cracking reaction of the feedstock increases with the decline of LHSV and with the rise of reaction temperature.By analyzing group composition,the article concludes that the following factors have a key effect on the properties of base oil produced： the isomerization of normal paraffin,the secondary isomerization of isoparaffin,the branched chain isomerization of monocyclic and bicyclic compounds,the ring compression isomerization of monocyclic and bicyclic compounds,the partial ring-opening reaction of polycyclic naphthene compounds and the hydro-saturation and ring-opening reaction of aromatic compounds.In addition,hydrocracking reaction can improve products′ low-temperature flow properties but will undermine the yields of target products.