蒙吉陕三省半干旱区退化草原改良配套技术研究

The Comprehensive Set of Techniques for the Improvement Deteriorated Rangeland in the Semiarid Regions of Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Shaanxi Province

本课题在内蒙古、吉林和陕西三省区八个试验点，经三十年的试验研究，总结出一套退化草原改良技术。试验结果表明，在干旱及半干旱草原地区影响牧草产量的最基本因素是土壤水份的缺乏。基于上述生态学原理，东北西部及内蒙古东部地区，在以根茎禾草为主的退化草原用浅耕翻法改良；在内蒙古高原中部以丛生禾草为主的典型草原用松土法改良；在内蒙古西部和陕北黄土高原撂荒地用补播法改良。新研制的9SSB－1．75型和9SF－2．45型两种草原松土补播机以及在肝“八五”期间研制的草原改良多用机均可在天然草原作业，使开沟、松土、播种、施肥和镇压一次完成，使用稀土、根瘤菌、保水剂研制成的种子丸在均可提高保苗率。目前推广面积15．5万公顷。1995年国家科委批准为国家级科技成果重点推广项目（96140601A）。

The project of comprehensive set techniques for improvement in arid and semiarid grasslandof Inner Mongolia,Jilin and Shaanxi province was carried out by the grassland improvement group during1972~1989. The main principle for grassland improvement in arid and semiarid region is making every efforts to conserve precipitation and simultaneously make it stored in the soil. The results of those experiments are showing as follow:The first is that shallow tillage may be used in meadow grassland which isdominated by rhizome grasses, such as Inymus chinensis; The second is that interseeding in steppe which isdominated by tussock grasses,such as Stipa spp.; The third is interseeding that interseeding in abandonedfield with loess earth of which the vegetation cover must be less than lO%- The species which were used byinterseeding was different in different type steppe, such as Inymus chinensis be usually used in meadowgrassland in the northeast part of China, Russian wildrye and Medicago saliva are used in tussock grassland which the precipitation should be more than 250mm. Astragulus adsurgens.Hedysarum mongolicum.Caragana microPhylla'C- intermedia commonly be used in loess plateau for interseeding. The machineswhich we used for interseeding called 9SSB- l. 75 type interseeder and 9SF- 2. 95 type interseeder. thesetwo types interseeder were designed and produced by GRI- Recently the area of improved grassland were155 thousand hectares. The productivity of improved pasture increase by 40% to 100% or more,especlallyby interseeding,maybe increased by 2 to 7 times compared with the un-jmproved grassland. Whether youget success in grassland improvement, it not only depends on the science and techniques,but also dependson the comprehensive skiIls integrated with climate, soil and vegetation type, especially the time and aamount of rainfall in a year.