对苏联穆斯林民族的再认识——兼论戈尔巴乔夫的民族政策

A Reunderstanding of Muslims in the Soviet Union——On Mikhail Gorbachev's Ethnic Policy

苏联解体与民族宗教问题密切相关。在苏联改革时期,戈尔巴乔夫重视东正教,忽视伊斯兰教,厚此薄彼的做法激活了穆斯林民族对于伊斯兰宗教与文化的向往,导致宗教和民族热情高涨,民族间流血冲突不断,东正教徒和穆斯林矛盾加剧。苏联穆斯林的行为表明,伊斯兰教是穆斯林社会生活不可分割的组成部分,他们希望国家保护信仰伊斯兰教的权利,并非要反对国家政权和谋求分离。因此,重新认识苏维埃国家和穆斯林民族的互动关系,对于多民族国家处理好穆斯林民族问题具有借鉴意义。

The break-up of the Soviet Union is closely related with ethnic and religious problems. During the reform period, the treatment of Islam not as equal as that of Eastern Orthodox by the Gorbachev government stirred up Muslims＇ longing for their own religion and culture. With the rising religious and ethnic enthusiasm, conflicts between Muslims and Eastern Orthodox intensified. The reaction of Muslims demonstrated that Islam was an integral part of Muslims＇ social life. What they sought after was the protection of their religious right, rather the separation demand. There^bre, a reunderstanding of the interaction between the Soviet Union and Muslims will help multi-national countries deal with the Muslim problem.