王国维“以诗补史”的诗学阐释

Poetical Interpretation on Wang Guo-wei's "Have Poetry Supplement History"

"以诗补史"观念经黄宗羲发轫后,王国维成为真正的实践者。王国维诗、史观念的形成经历三个阶段:1906年前后萌芽;辛亥东渡旅居日本期间,诗与史的关系逐渐明晰;1912年《书<宋旧宫人诗词><湖山类稿><水云集>后》正式形成。王国维以《湖山类稿》参核南帝后北狩事及《颐和园词》、《张小帆中丞索咏南皮张氏二烈女诗》等诗歌创作是"以诗补史"实证的体现。"以诗补史"与"诗不可兼史"、"以诗证史"、"以史说诗"等共同构成了"诗史互证"体系,可视王国维"二重证据法"在文艺学中的体现。此法是一种普遍性的研究法则被同时代人如杨钟羲、陈寅恪、邓之诚、孟森等共同体认,被浦江清直接继承。王国维的"以诗补史"论一方面符合学术趋向的选取和儒家诗教传统复兴的实际需求,另一方面也是实践其道统担当、学统承续的"文化遗民"心境的手段和方式。

The idea of ＂Have Poetry Supplement HistoryPoe＂ began with Huang Zong-xi,and was put into practice by Wang Guo-wei.Wang＇s concept of poetry and history came into being through three stages： starting in about 1906,during his staying in Japan in Xin-hai Revolutionary period,his idea about the relation between poetry and history was gradually clear,his works such as Poetry of Old Maid of Honor Song Dynasty,Hu Shan Lei Gao and Shui Yun Ji were completed,the idea came into being in 1912.Wang Guo-wei selected Hu Shan Lei Gao to interpretate empress of Song dynasty,and his works such as Yi He Yuan Poetry,Two Paragon Chastity Poetry were show of his poetry creation.The system of ＂Have Poetry Supplement History＂ developed from this ideas such as ＂poetry can not replace History＂,＂poetry justifies history＂,＂history exemplifies poetry＂ etc.It was also regarded as the literature and art embodiment of Wang Guo-wei＇s double-evidence method.This research method was universal in practice and agreed by his contemporaries and was also Wang Guo-wei＇s means to realize his mood of a ＂cultural adherent＂.