Solidification Studies of 3003 Aluminium Alloys with Cu and Zr Additions

The effects of Cu and Zr additions, on the microstructure formation, precipitation and ingot cracking, in commercial 3003 Al alloys have been studied. The investigation was carried out by characterizing the grain structure in DC-cast rolling ingots, and studying the solidification microstructure of Bridgman directionally solidified samples. To better understand the influence of the different Cu and Zr contents on the phase precipitations, differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiments were performed. Results from the ingot microstructure analysis show that in commercial alloys with relatively high contents of Cu and Zr, no significant differences in measured grain sizes compared to conventional 3003 Al alloys could be found. However, only Zr containing alloys exhibited significantly larger grain sizes. Increased grain refiner and/or titanium additions could compensate for the negative effects on nucleation normally following Zr alloying. Different types of precipitates were observed. Based on DTA experiments, increased Cu and Zr contents resulted in the formation of Al2Cu phase, and increased solidification range. It was also found that increased Mn content favors an early precipitation of Al6(Mn,Fe) giving relatively coarse precipitates. It was concluded that the Cu alloying has a detrimental effect on hot tearing.