中国包头市城镇居民脑血管狭窄的流行病学

Epidemiology of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular stenosis of Baotou city inhabitants in China

目的发现人群中脑动脉粥样硬化病变的分布和颅内、颅外动脉狭窄的患病率。方法采用分层抽样的方法,随机抽取研究对象2482人,用标准的问卷收集资料,包括姓名、年龄、性别、吸烟状况、高血压病史、糖尿病史、高脂血症史、心脏病史,测量血压,检测血糖、血脂并进行颈动脉彩色超声和经颅多普勒(TCD)检查。结果筛查的2482人的应答率为2360人,占95%,所有2360人中,颅内动脉狭窄的患病率是8.1%,颅内外动脉狭窄的患病率是9.2%。颅内动脉狭窄的影响因素中,性别(P=0.01)、高血压(P=0.04)、糖尿病(P=0.00)在颅内动脉狭窄组和无狭窄组差异有统计学意义,其余各因素无显著性差异。颈动脉粥样硬化病变(包括内膜增厚,1个或多个斑块形成,管腔狭窄或闭塞)发生率33.4%。结论颈动脉和颅内动脉粥样硬化病变在中老年健康人群中是普遍存在的,在没有任何自觉症状的正常人群中就已经有颅内血管的狭窄,联合应用颈部血管彩色超声和TCD会发现更多的狭窄或动脉粥样硬化病变。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cerebral atherosclerosis in population and the distribution of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis.Methods 2482 subjects were obtained by using stratified sampling.Data,including name,age,gender,cigarette smoking,history of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and heart diseases,were collected by using standard questionnaires.Each subject was asked to go to BaoTou city central hospital to have the following examination： blood pressure,blood lipid,blood glucose,carotid color ultrasound and transcranial Doppler（TCD）.Results The reponse rate of the 2482 subjects was 95%,among the 2360 subjects,the prevalence of intracranial arterial stenosis was 8.1%,the prevalence of both intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis was 9.2%.Among the influencing factors of intracranial arterial stenosis,statistically difference was found in gender（P=0.01）,hypertension（P=0.04）,diabetes（P=0.00）between the stenosis group and non-stenosis group.No statistically difference was found in other factors.The prevalence of carotid plaque was 33.4%.Conclusion Both intracranial and extracranial arterial atherosclerosis are popular.It indicates that the intracranial vascular stenosis has already existed in the non-symptom population.More stenosis will be found if the carotid color ultrasound and transcranial Doppler（TCD） are used.