四川路家兔皮的组织构造及其在加工过程中的变化

Histological Structure of Si Chuan Rabbit Fur and Skin and in Different Procedures

分别对家兔皮经浸水、脱毛、鞣制各工艺处理后进行取样,运用组织学方法观察其组织结构特点及变化情况,以期在一定程度上指导并优化工艺。通过观察发现家兔毛和皮板具有以下特点:针毛上下两端较粗大,中间较细,鳞片结构差异较大;绒毛较针毛细、软,鳞片结构相似;毛髓层较厚,毛被呈现出不规则点状,多根毛簇拥生长,多根一组在皮面出口处于同一毛囊中;胶原纤维走向为顺毛生长方向平行于粒面,纤维较纤细,近粒面处纤维编织较紧实;弹性纤维在乳头层近粒面处分布较多,网状层与皮下层分布较少,呈现出树状多枝分散状,平行于粒面走向;脂腺、脂肪细胞及肌肉均不发达。按工艺处理后,家兔的毛、毛囊、表皮及弹性纤维等基本已被除去,对样品的组织学图片进行分析处理,计算孔隙率,孔隙率先期增大,后期再减小。

The histology of rabbit skin was researched through the samples which were taken from rabbit skin after soaking,dehairing and tanning processes.The histological structure and the differences among different procedures were studied.The results indicate that both ends of shiners are thicker than its middle part,while the nap is long and pliable with small diameter;Several hairs even more than thirty grow together forming irregular globular shape,the long and pliable hairs grow in one follicle and reach the surface;The fine and long collagen fibers are parallel to the surface,and become tighter when near the surface;Much more elastic fibers are existed in the area close to the surface but fewer in reticular layer and subcutaneous layer,and the elastic fibers are parallel to the grain surface with netted texture;Few muscles,sebaceous glands and adipose cells were observed.The features after different processes are： fur,hair follicles,epidermis and elastic fibers were removed,collagen fibers were opened up after dehairing,but became tight again after oil tanning and polymetallic retanning.The photos were analyzed by Photoshop,which can calculate the ratio of collagen fibers to blank.Porosity was higher after dehairing,but decreased after oil tanning and polymetallic retanning.