外阴癌病因学研究进展

Research progress in the Etiology of vulvar cancer

外阴癌的病因尚未完全明确。目前认为人乳头状瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)感染是其发病的主要原因,但HPV阴性的外阴癌与外阴上皮内非瘤样病变有关,性传播疾病、单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus,HSV)Ⅱ、吸烟、酗酒、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、性生活早、社会地位低可能是外阴癌发生的风险因素。外阴癌的发生、发展是一个多因素、多基因、多步骤的复杂过程,其中癌基因的过度表达或者抑癌基因的灭活与突变是细胞发生癌变的分子基础。

The etiology of vulvar cancer had not been fully defined. Human papilloma virus （HPV） infection was thought a major cause of vulvar cancer, but HPV negative vulvar cancer was associated with vulvar intra - epithelial neoplasia （ VIN ）. Sexually transmitted diseases, herpes simplex virus （ HSV ） II, smoking, alcohol, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, early sexual activity and low social status may be risk factors. The development and progression of Vulvar cancer were multi - factors and multi - steps, wherein the over - expression of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressors was the molecular basis .