水稻模型ORYZA2000在湖南双季稻区的验证与适应性评价

Validation and adaptability evaluation of rice growth model ORYZA2000 in double cropping rice area of Hunan Province

校准与验证水稻生长模型ORYZA2000,为模型本地化、区域化研究应用提供依据。采用湖南双季稻区作物田间观测数据,结合栽培管理措施、土壤以及同期逐日气象数据等资料对ORYZA2000进行参数校正,调试确定了早稻、晚稻有代表性品种的作物参数;利用独立的数据资料,对双季稻生育期、叶面积指数、生物量、产量等指标的模拟结果进行了详细地验证与适应性评价。结果表明:模型对双季稻品种的生育期模拟较好,开花期和成熟期的相对模拟误差为1—2d;早稻和晚稻叶面积指数的归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)均为24%,地上部总生物量、绿叶生物量、茎生物量和穗生物量的NRMSE值分别为18%、22%、22%、24%和19%、24%、28%、28%,产量的NRMSE值分别为11%和16%。校验的作物参数反映了湖南早稻和晚稻品种的生物学特性,参数值合理、有效。通过校准作物参数,ORYZA2000可较为准确地模拟双季稻生长发育及其生物量的动态累积过程,适应性较强,能够应用于双季稻生产。

Crop model evaluation is a key and essential process in its application.Hunan province is one of the important rice production areas dominated with double cropping rice in China.The rice growth model ORYZA2000 could be used to simulate growth,development and yield formation of lowland rice under conditions of potential production,water limitation and nitrogen limitation.Many studies focused on calibration and validation of ORYZA2000 on single rice,while few validation studies have been made on double-cropping rice in China.To provide the reference for regional adaptation and application of ORYZA2000 in Hunan province,the model was calibrated by the field data observed from three agrometeorological stations（Changde,29°03′N,111°41′E;Changsha,28°12′N,113°05′E;Zixing,25°59′N,113°13′E） with six varieties（early rice： XZX31,JY974 and JY402;late rice： YC893,XYSH and JY207） from 2000 to 2003,and evaluated by the dataset from above stations with the same varieties in 2004 and 2005.The daily meteorological data（maximum temperature,minimum temperature,sunshine hours,wind speed,vapor pressure,and precipitation） over the growing period of double cropping rice for the studied sites were used as driving variables in ORYZA2000 model.Management measures and soil data including soil texture,saturated hydraulic conductivity,etc.were used as the input of the model. The parameters of development rate,partitioning of biomass,specific leaf area,leaf death coefficient,and relative growth rate of leaves have been determined for the typical varieties of early and late rice in Hunan province.It was showed that the development rate during juvenile phase（DVRJ） and reproductive phase（DVRR）,the partitioning parameters of biomass from panicle to flowering,and the value of specific leaf area（SLA） in post-anthesis were different significantly from the given value by the model.The calibrated parameters were reasonable and could reflect the biological characteristics of double cropping rice varieties planted in the studied area. By the comparison between simulated and measured values of development stage（flowering and maturity）,leaf area index（LAI）,total biomass,biomass for each organ,and grain yield,the simulation capacity and performance of ORYZA2000 model were evaluated in double cropping rice area.The results showed that the model could simulate the phenology of double cropping rice with 1—2 days′ difference for floral and mature stages.The normalized root mean square errors（NRMSE） for LAI were both 24%,and that for total aboveground dry matter,dry weight of green leaves,dry weight of stems,dry weight of storage organs and grain yield were 18%,22%,22%,24%,11% and 19%,24%,28%,28%,16% for the early and late rice,respectively.These results showed that ORYZA2000 model could satisfactorily simulate the dynamical process of growth,development and yield of double cropping rice.It was also found that there were large errors in simulating LAI and biomass of green leaves,which needed to be further improved by revising the algorithm of the model.In general,we could conclude that ORYZA2000 model was adaptable and could be applied in scenarios analysis study in double cropping rice area of Hunan province.