棕榈酸单乙醇酰胺的合成与性能研究

Synthesis and properties of palmitic acid monoethanolamide

以棕榈酸和单乙醇胺为原料,采用两步法合成棕榈酸单乙醇酰胺,考察了合成反应中第二步胺解工艺反应时间、投料比、催化剂用量等因素对反应纯度的影响,并通过正交实验优化工艺条件。得到最佳工艺条件为:反应时间4 h,n(单乙醇胺)∶n(棕榈酸)=1.05∶1,催化剂KOH用量为0.3%。验证实验胺值(KOH)仅为3.98 mg/g。研究表明,随着表面活性剂棕榈酸单乙醇酰胺质量分数的增大,其泡沫性能显著增强,ω>0.15%时,显示出较强的起泡性与稳泡性;30℃时,ω=0.10%的溶液起泡高度可达180 mm,50℃时两种质量分数(ω=0.10%,ω=0.25%)溶液稳泡性仍保持良好;本产品与同类表面活性剂FAS、AES相比具有较好的泡沫性能。

Palmitic acid and monoethanolamine Were used as raw materials, and the palmitie acid mono- ethanolamide was synthesized by two - step method. The effects on reaction yield of reaction time, molar ratio and the amount of catalyst in the second step of the synthesis reaction were reviewed through orthogonal test. The best conditions were as follows ：reaction time 4 h, n（ monoethanolamine）：n（ palmitic acid） = 1.05： 1, the amount of KOH catalyst 0. 3%. Under the optimal conditions, the amine value was 3.98 mgKOH/g. The result showed that as the mass fraction of palmitic acid monoethanolamide increased, its foam performance significantly enhanced ,when the mass fraction was over 0.15%, it exhibited strong foa- ming capacity and foam stability; the foam height reached 180 mm at temperature of 30℃ and mass frac- tion of 0.10% ; the foam stability of the solutions of the two mass fraction of 0.10% and 0.25% was still good at 50 ℃, the foam performance of the product was better than that of FAS and AES.