出口补贴、运输成本与贸易模式——对传统分析的矫正和扩展

Export Subsidy,Transportation Cost and Trade Pattern A Correction and Expansion for Traditional Analysis

文章试图矫正传统分析中未考虑买卖价差导致的进口竞争的疏漏和不足并予以扩展。相较于传统分析,推行出口补贴的出口国福利损失更小,同时还诱致产生了相同产品的产业内贸易现象。通过引入运输成本因素的分析表明,在出口补贴政策激励下,运输成本的大小将决定相应的贸易模式、贸易量和福利结果。随着运输成本的降低,贸易模式将从单向出口向产业内贸易演变,这时运输成本的耗费成为福利损失的最重要来源之一。基于出口国内非均质运输成本的研究发现,较高的国内运输成本使不同类企业的市场相分割,还使得出口补贴的分配呈现有偏性。如果国内运输成本下降,将形成低效率的产业内贸易现象,导致大量的运输成本耗费。

Export subsidy is one of the most classical international trade policies, and in this paper we try to correct the shortcoming and mistake of traditional analysis of export subsidy, and meanwhile to expand those traditional analyses. It finds that, compared with traditional analyses, the welfare loss of exporting country is lower when implementing export subsidy policy while intra-industry trade pattern is induced at the same time. Under the incentive of export subsidy policy, the size of transportation cost would decide the corresponding trade pattern, trade volume and welfare result. As the lowering of transportation cost, trade pattern would shift from one-way export to intra-industry trade, and transportation cost would become one of the most important sources of welfare loss. Based on heterogeneous domestic transportation costs, it finds that market is segmented by different types of producer with higher domestic transportation cost, and the distribution of export subsidy is biased. If domestic transportation cost falls, intra-industry phenomenon will emerge, which leads to the waste of a lot of transportation cost as well as low efficiency.