社会行为:海外乡亲慈善捐赠的本质内涵

Social Behaviors: the Nature Meaning of the Charity Donations of Overseas Chinese

海外乡亲的慈善捐赠在本质上是一种社会行为。根据社会学家马克斯·韦伯社会行为理论,海外乡亲慈善捐赠的行为可以分为四种类型,即目的理性捐赠行为、价值理性捐赠行为、传统捐赠行为、情感捐赠行为。海外乡亲捐赠行为的意向呈现出明显的阶段性,在不同时期、不同环境下海外乡亲慈善捐赠行为的每一种类型所起的作用并不一样,但在总体上呈现出由感性捐赠向理性捐赠嬗变的趋势。海外乡亲在不同时期运用了不同的慈善策略,从感性捐赠到注重理性捐赠的＂科学慈善＂,从注重慈善回报的战备性捐赠到注重效率的慈善投资,是海外乡亲在不同时期慈善策略的演变过程。

The charitable donations of Overseas Chinese are social behaviors in essence. According to the social behavior theory of Max Weber as an sociologist, The charitable donations of Overseas Chinese can be divided into four types, including the purpose rational donation behaviors, the value rational donation behaviors, the traditional donation behaviors, and the emotional donation behaviors. The charitable donation behaviors of Overseas Chinese show a clear characteristic of the stage, at different times and in different environments the role of each type of Overseas Chinese charitable donation behaviors is not the same, but in general, it is a trend that the evolution from the emotional donation to the rational donation. At different times Overseas Chinese use different charitable strategy,and it is an evolution process of charitable strategy of Overseas Chinese at different times,from emotional donation to ＂scientific charity ＂focusing on rational donation,from strategic donation focusing on the charitable returns to the charitable investments emphasising on efficiency.