阿尔茨海默病与睡眠呼吸障碍的相关研究

Study on the Relationship Between Alzheimer Disease and Sleep Apnea Disorder

【目的】研究阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（SAS）对睡眠结构及认知功能的影响。【方法】随机选择AD患者29例作为研究组，健康老年人24例为对照组。两组分别进行多导睡眠图检查，比较两组睡眠状况。【结果】在研究组中，合并SAS的AD患者与没有合并SAS的相比，其睡眠时间减少，S1期占睡眠时间（SPT）百分比减少。而在对照组中，合并SAS的老人和没有合并SAS的相比，前者的S1减少而S2增加。研究组和对照组合并SAS的睡眠结构相比，前者的睡眠效率下降，S2期占SPT的比例均减少（P〈0．05）。在研究组中：中度和重度AD患者之间相比，重度AD病人的SPT减少、睡眠效率（SE）降低（P〈0．05）、S1持续时间减少（P〈0．05）。【结论】睡眠呼吸紊乱可能加重AD患者和正常老年人睡眠结构障碍，而AD患者加重更加明显。AD患者的睡眠呼吸紊乱可能与其认知功能加重有一定关系。

[Objective] To study the effect of Alzheimer disease（AD） complicated with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） on sleep structure and cognition function. [Methods] Twenty nine AD patients were randomly selected as the study group, and 24 healthy old people were selected as the control group. Polysomnography was performed for two groups. The sleep status was compared between two groups. [Results] In the study group, the sleep time and the percentage of S1 phase in sleep period time（SPT） of AD patients with SAS decreased in comparison with AD patients without SAS. In the control group, the S1 phase decreased and S2 phase increased in old people with SAS in comparison with old people without SAS. Compared with SAS patients in the control group, the sleep efficiency（SE） and the percentage of S2 phase in SPT of patients with SAS in the study group decreased（P〈0.05）. In the study group, the SPT, SE and S1 duration of severe AD patients reduced in comparison with the moderate AD patients（ P 〈0. 05）. [Conclusion]Sleep and respiratory disorder may aggravate the disturbance of sleep structure in both AD patients and normal old people, and that of AD patients is more serious. The disturbance of sleep structure in AD patients may be related to the aggravation of cognitive impairment.