论中国古代官僚制度对都城规划的影响力

Influence of Bureaucracy on Capital Planning in Ancient China

从《周礼·考工记》中的周王城制,到明清北京城,中国古代都城制度一脉相承又变化诸多.有考工记周王城、曹魏邺城、宋汴梁三种类型之说.纵观历代都城结构,往往并不只是单纯对周礼形制的模仿,而产生变化的诸多因素中,政治及官僚制度的因素起到了很大的作用.都城规划是皇帝及其大臣思想的体现,也是政治制度的载体,故试以中国古代政治制度的变化与都城制度的变化相比较,不难发现,中国古代都城制度很大程度上受到了政治制度的影响甚至是控制.

From the capital planning system of Zhou dynasty in ＂Zhou Li. Kao Gong Ji＂ to Beijing in Ming and Qing dynasty, the ancient China＇ s capital planning system came down in one continuous line and also changed sometimes. As a result, there was a theory of three planning types ： capital city of Zhou dynasty in ＂Kao Gong Ji＂, Ye city of Wei dynasty and Bianliang city of Song dynasty. However, those old capital cities were not just imitating the book. The most significant factor, which made changes, was bureaucracy. Capital planning was the embodiment of the minister and emperor＇ s ideas, and was also the embodiment of polity. It was not difficult to find out that ancient China＇ s capital planning system was affected and even controlled by political system.