比例·韵律·形体——比萨奇迹广场建筑群与洗礼堂的构成分析

Proportion,Rhythm,Figure:The complex of Piazza dei Miracoli of Pisa and the analysis of the Baptistery

许多现代建筑的先驱者都曾特别关注比萨奇迹广场建筑群。由于它完美地协调了各单体建筑之间、单体建筑与整体群组之间的比例关系,奇迹广场一直作为一个重要的实例被反复提及。在对这些思想进行简要回顾后,文章着重介绍了协调主教堂与洗礼堂建筑关系的模数系统,同时更进一步分析了洗礼堂建筑各个体块与构成韵律之间微妙的组合关系。对洗礼堂建筑构成方法的分析,充分显示了建筑既符合西方中世纪建筑的和谐准则,又符合外表相似且带有复杂立面部件的建筑之间比例协调的原则。

The complex of Piazza dei Miracoli of Pisa has been given particular attention by various protagonists of modern architecture. In general, it has been considered as an example of coordination of different buildings and proportion of parts and whole （group design）. This article then exemplifies and illustrates the principled modular of coordination between Duomo and Baptistery, and furthermore, the detailed composition of the volume and rhythm of the Baptistery. The analysis of the Baptistery＇s rhythm reveals the composited method of the building which is based on the medieval Western harmonic rules and also on the proportional coordination of buildings which have similar appearances with complicated groupages.