加拿大南安大略农业地域的变迁

Changes in Agricultural Regions of Southern Ontario in Canada

基于对加拿大南安大略农业地域不同经营类型的案例农场的实地调查,分析了南安大略农业地域的变化与农业的特征,结论如下:①南安大略许多农场在商业化、专门化发展的同时,依然保留有传统混合农业经营的特征。同时,随着城市化的发展,兼职机会的增加,弥补了农业收入的不足;②品种改良与交通基础设施的改进、农业产业化的发展、政府对农业的补贴、农产品贸易的国际化等是影响安大略农业地域变化的主要因素。③自然条件的差异与开发过程的不同和城市化的影响、以及国际贸易下经济、政治环境因素,对农业地域分异起了重要的作用。同时在农业经营、种植结构、国家政策等方面就我国农业生产的现状与案例地区进行了对比,并提出了合理建议。

In this paper we analyzed changes in agricultural regions of southern Ontario in Canada from 1999 to 2009 based on fieldwork of beef cattle, dairies, hogs, grain corns, tobaccos and fruits for farms along with statistical data to fully understand the structure of this regional change. The results of the survey lead to the following conclusions. First of all, as the farms of southern Ontario are highly mechanized and commercialized, agriculture of southern Ontario is commonly organized in a traditionally mixed farming system. Along with urban development, part time farmers occupied an increasing proportion among all farmers. Earnings from works outside farms become very important for many farmers nowadays. Reasons for this change in agriculture of southern Ontario is concluded as a result of improving the breed of domestic animals and strains of grains, developing the infrastructure of rural regions and industrialized agriculture, subsidizing agriculture by states, globalizing international trade of agricultural products. In addition, the difference of agricultural products in different regions of southern Ontario is due to the difference in natural conditions and process in development, influence of urbanization, also the factors in political and economic environment under international trade. These factors are considered as the major effects for agricultural region divisions.