抗震救灾官兵256例心理亚健康调查分析与康复疗养对策

Psychological sub-health survey on 256 officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake and their rehabilitation measures

目的对参与5．12汶川大地震抗震救灾的官兵进行心理亚健康评测并评价康复疗养效果。方法采用症状自评量表SCL-90对2008年5月12日汶川大地震后执行抗震救灾任务的256名解放军官兵进行测评，根据测评结果制定并实施相应康复疗养措施；分别于康复疗养10、20d末再次进行测评，对上述评定结果进行比较分析。结果抗震救灾官兵中出现不同程度的躯体化、焦虑、抑郁症状，心理干预前躯体化67例（29．00％），焦虑42例（18．18％），抑郁25例（10．82％）；干预第10天末躯体化47例（19．58％），焦虑25例（10．41％），抑郁13例（5．41％），与干预前比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2=-5．695，P=-O．017;χ2=5．630，P=-0．018;χ2=4．638，P=0．031），干预第20天躯体化10例（4．01％），焦虑7例（2．81％），抑郁2例（0．8％），与干预前比较差异均有统计学意义俨55．556，P=0．000;χ2=30．509，P=-0．000;χ2=22．660，P=-0．000）。结论对处于心理亚健康的抗震救灾官兵及时有效地进行康复疗养，可减轻或消除救援人员在抗震救灾过程中所产生的心理亚健康状态．

Objective To perform an evaluation on psychological sub-health of officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan and explore their rehabilitations. Methods The officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan were tested by SCL-90. According to the survey results, we implemented corresponding measures of rehabilitation on them. After 10 and 20 days of rehabilitation, we carried out re-evaluation and analysis of the above assessment. Results The officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan appeared varying degrees of somatization, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Before psychological intervention, the incidence rate of somatization, anxiety and depression were 29.00%, 18.18% and 10.82%, respectively; the incidence rates of psychological symptoms on the 10th d of psychological intervention （19.58%, 10.41% and 5.41%） were significantly declined as compared with those before the intervention （χ2=-5.695, P=0.017; χ2=5.630, P=0.018; χ2=4.638, P=0.031）; the incidenceratesof psychological symptoms on the 20th d of psychological intervention （4.01%, 2.81% and 0.8%） were obviously decreased as compared with those before the intervention （χ2=-55.556, P=-0.000; A,z=30.509, P= 0.000; χ2=-22.660, P=0.000）. Conclusion Some of the officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan may appear varying degrees of psychological problems. The promptly rehabilitation could reduce or eliminate the psychological sub-health state of these rescue workers.