神经导航在经蝶垂体腺瘤手术中的应用

Clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary adenomas

目的总结神经导航下经蝶手术治疗垂体腺瘤的经验，并讨论其适应证。方法对2006年1月至2010年12月138例神经导航下经蝶垂体腺瘤手术病例进行回顾性分析。手术适应证包括：既往经蝶手术后复发性垂体腺瘤36例，侵袭型垂体腺瘤45例，位于垂体侧方或深部的微腺瘤45例，蝶窦气化不良4例，颅底异常增厚3例，双侧颈内动脉间距狭窄4例，鼻中隔偏曲1例。结果复发性垂体腺瘤全切除12例，次全切除9例，术后出现瘤腔血肿2例，脑脊液漏4例，其中3例合并颅内感染，2例合并交通性脑积水，永久性动眼神经麻痹1例，垂体功能低下者3例；治愈9例，缓解8例。侵袭型垂体腺瘤全切除5例，次全切除27例，术后出现脑脊液漏并颅内感染1例，瘤腔血肿1例；治愈2例，缓解22例；侵袭型激素分泌型垂体腺瘤30例均未治愈缓解。微腺瘤45例均为激素分泌型，均全部切除，治愈38例。颈动脉间距狭窄4例和鼻中隔偏曲1例均全切除和治愈。蝶窦气化不良肿瘤全切除2例，次全切除2例，治愈1例。颅底异常增厚肿瘤全切除2例，次全切除1例，治愈1例。结论神经导航可以使部分经蝶垂体腺瘤切除手术更加准确、安全、有效，在一定程度上扩大了经蝶手术的适应证。

Objectives To summarize the experiences in clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of specific pituitary adenomas, and to discuss its indications. Methods From January 2006 to December 2010,138 cases of transsphenoidal microsurgery for specific pituitary adenomas under neuronavigation were reviewed. The indications for neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery includes： recurrent or regrowth of residual pituitary adenomas after former transsphenoidal surgery in 36 cases, invasive pituitary adenomas in 45 cases, extremely laterally or deeply situated microadenomas in 45 cases, poor pneumatization of the sphenoid in 4 cases, skull base anomalies due to osteodysplasia fibrosa in 3 cases, narrow space between bilateral internal carotid arteries in 4 cases, distortion of nasal septum in I case. Results In the recurrence group, 12 were totally removed, 9 subtotally removed; postoperative complications included hematoma within the tumor cavity in 2 cases, cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） leakage in 4 cases among which 3 developed intracranial infection and 2 communicating hydrocephalus, oculomotor paralysis in 1 case and hypopituitarysm in 3 cases; 9 were cured and 8 remission. In the invasive group, 5 were totally removed, 27 subtotally removed; postoperative complications included hematoma within the tumor cavity in 1 case, CSF leakage and intracranial infection in 1 case; 2 were cured and 22 remission. None of the 30 invasive hormone-secreting adenomas were cured or remission. The 45 cases of hormone-secreting microadenomas were all totally removed, among which 38 were cured. Among the poor sphenoid pneumatization group, total and subtotal tumor removal were achieved in 2 cases respectively with only one cured. In the skull base anomaly group, 2 were totally removed and 1 subtotally removed, with only one cured. For the cases with narrow space between bilateral internal carotid arteries and distortion of nasal septum, all were totally removed and cured. Conclusions Transsphenoidal microsurgery under neuronavigation can be applied for pituitary adenomas in above specific indications. It is an accurate, safe and effective approach for specific pituitary adenomas, which can not only expand the indication of transsphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenomas, but also reduce the harmful exposure of X-rays for the operating staff.