青海高原地区不同民族妇女宫颈癌的分布特点

Distribution characteristics of cervical cancer in women of different nationalities in plateau area of Qinghai

目的：了解青海高原地区近5年间不同民族妇女宫颈癌患者的分布情况。方法：对2004~2008年青海大学附属医院病理科诊断准确、病理资料完整的宫颈癌患者421例,根据民族分布、患者年龄、组织学类型进行统计分析。结果：近5年来青海高原地区宫颈癌发病人数逐年增加,不同民族有其不同的分布特点,藏族妇女为宫颈癌高发人群,好发年龄在40~49岁,回族妇女宫颈癌发生比其他民族提早10岁。在421例宫颈癌中鳞癌最常见,藏族妇女宫颈癌中腺癌的构成比较高。结论：青海高原地区宫颈癌的发病率较高,可能与青海地区海拔较高,经济条件较落后,饮食习惯、卫生条件有关,也可能与基因的多态性等有关。应开展宫颈细胞学普查,降低宫颈癌的发病率与死亡率。

Objective：To understand the distribution status of cervical cancer in women of different nationalities in plateau area of Qinghai from 2004 to 2008.Methods：421 cases with cervical cancer who were diagnosed definitely in the hospital from 2004 to 2008 and had integrated pathological data were selected;the ethnic distribution,age and histological types of the cases were analyzed statistically.Results：From 2004 to 2008,the number of cases with cervical cancer in plateau area of Qinghai increased year by year,different nationalities had different distribution characteristics,the women of Tibetan nationality were the high-risk population,the predilection age was 40~49 years,the occurrence time of cervical cancer in women of Hui nationality was earlier than those in women of other nationalities by 10 years.Among 421 cases with cervical cancer,cervical squamons cell carcinoma was the most common type,the proportion of adenocarcinoma in the women of Tibetan nationality with cervical cancer was relatively high.Conclusion：The incidence of cervical cancer in plateau area of Qinghai is high,which may be related to high altitude of Qinghai,backward economic condition,dietary habits and health conditions,or related to gene polymorphism.