西瓜枯萎菌拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及防效测定

Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria Strains against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum

从内蒙古、新疆、安徽、河南、江苏、江西6省的西瓜、黄瓜和茄子3种作物根际土壤和病健组织中,共获得样本64份,分离得到细菌1050株。室内抑菌活性测定结果表明:9株细菌分离物对西瓜枯萎病菌Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.niveum、甘蓝黑斑病菌Alternaria brassicicola、辣椒疫霉病菌Phytophthora capsici和番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea均具有很强的拮抗作用,其中菌株NBT-15和PL-82对西瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用比较明显,抑制率分别为60.5%和55.3%。盆栽防病试验结果表明:NBT-15和PL-82对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果分别为80.4%和75.6%。形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析结果确定菌株NBT-15为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,PL-82为铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa。

In this paper,1050 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil and roots of watermelon,cucumber,and eggplant in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Anhui,Henan,Jiangsu and Jiangxi province.Among the tested strains,9 strains could inhibit mycelia growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,Alternaria brassicicola,Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea.Two strains,NBT-15 and PL-82,had strong inhibitory activity against F.oxysporum,with inhibition rate of 60.5% and 55.3%,respectively.In pot experiment,control efficiency of NBT-15 and PL-82 against F.oxysporum after 30 days＇ treatment were 80.4% and 75.6%,respectively.Based on their morphology,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence,the strains NBT-15 and pL-82 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively.