巴里坤湖水质18年变化及水资源保护方案研究

Variation of Water Quality in Balikun Lake in the Last 18 Years and Water Resource Protection Strategies

巴里坤湖是新疆哈密地区的一个高原咸水湖,附近分布有中国重要湿地巴里坤湖湿地。文章对18年来湖水水质指标的变化及原因进行了综合分析,认为在面积不断缩小的同时,由于人工开采硫酸盐(芒硝),湖水水质总的变化趋势是硫酸盐、氯化物浓度均降低,与硫酸盐相比巴里坤湖氯化物资源储存量更高;湖水酸碱度等因素发生变化,有利于湖中卤虫的生长繁衍。由于水体矿化程度严重且面积缩小,巴里坤湖周边生态环境趋于恶化。水资源保护方案中提出的措施主要包括实施巴里坤湖人工补水工程;减少上游各产业用水量;现有硫化碱生产企业搬迁等,并通过进出水量平衡论证了方案的可行性。方案实施后每年可提供3 474.37万m3水量补给巴里坤湖,将有效遏制湖周生态环境的退化。

Balikun Lake is a high saline in Hami region of Xinjiang and Balikun Everglade,one of the important wetlands of China.Based on comprehensive analysis of variation causes of water quality in the Lake,it was found that the trend of water quality was the decrease of sulfate and chloride while high reserve of chloride with the continuous shrinks of the area.Change of pH would be helpful to multiply of artemia in the Lake.Because of severity mineralization of water,ecological environment around the Lake has been worse gradually.Increase of water resource supply by manpower,decrease of consumption of water from upriver domain and relocation of existing alkali sulfide factories were proposed in the water resource protection strategies.Actualizing the water resource protection strategies of the Lake can furnish water about 34.743 7 million m3 and lighten the degeneration of ecological environment around the Lake efficiently.