原子吸收光谱分析中的绿色萃取富集技术

Green extraction and preconcentration techniques in atomic absorption spectrometry

分析复杂样品和测定痕量组分时,样品预处理是获得准确结果的必要条件。萃取是广泛使用的分离富集方法,近年来,分析工作者陆续开发了多种新型绿色微萃取技术,包括单滴微萃取、浊点萃取、分散液-液微萃取、室温离子液体萃取、固-液萃取、固相微萃取、分子印迹聚合物萃取等。他们共同的优点是:有机萃取溶剂用量非常小;萃取效率高,富集倍数大;样品和试剂消耗少;操作简便、快速;便于与其他分析仪器联用;应用范围广等。本文介绍这些新型绿色萃取技术近3年来的进展,引用文献85篇。

Sample pretreatment is an essential condition to obtain exact results in the analysis of complicated samples and trace components.Extraction has been extensively applied to the separation and preconcentration of trace inorganic metallic ions.In recent years,analysts have developed several enviroment-friendly green extraction techniques,including single-drop microextraction,cloud point extraction,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,room-temperature ionic liquid extraction,solid-liquid extraction, solid phase microextraction and molecularly imprinted polymer extraction.Their common advantages over conventional liquid-liquid extraction are：（1） using only small quantities of organic solvents;（2） high extraction efficiency and large enrichment factor;（3） less consumption of samples and reagents;（4） fast and simple-to-operate;（5） easy to combine with instrumental analysis methods;and（6） wide application fields.In this paper,the advances of applications of these green extraction techniques in atomic absorption spectrometry during last three years are reviewed with 85 references.