小麦抗赤霉病性田间自然鉴定与抗赤霉病育种中的问题

FIELD NATURAL IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT RESISTANCE TO SCAB AND BREEDING FOR SCAB RESISTANCE

1984年以来,承接了全国小麦育种攻关中的小麦抗赤霉病性鉴定任务,对来自全国10个麦区12648份小麦育种材料抗赤霉病性进行田间自然鉴定。结果表明,至今仍未发现免疫的小麦材料。长江中下游冬麦区、华南冬麦区及东北春麦区的供鉴小麦抗性较强,全国R级小麦材料均分布在这些赤霉病频繁流行的麦区;西南冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区及北部春麦区的供鉴小麦抗性较弱;北部冬麦区、青藏春冬麦区、西北春麦区及新疆冬春麦区的供鉴小麦抗性最差。我国现有小麦材料的抗病性与丰产性仍存在较大矛盾,至今仍缺乏可应用于生产的抗赤霉病高产小麦新品种。对我国小麦抗赤霉病育种尚未取得较大突破的原因进行了分析,并探讨了相应的解决办法,提出在病区建立小麦抗赤霉病穿梭育种开放试验基地的设想。

Wheat scab epidemic occurs naturally each year at Jianyang, Fujian Province. Taking advantaged of such a favorable condition, field identification for wheat scab resistance have been carried out consistently since 1984. This paper presented the results on scab resistance of 12648 wheat entries from different parts in China. There was not immune germplasm found so forth. The wheat germplasm collected from regions where scab outbreaks more frequently are more resistant than those collected from other regions. Setting up an open experimental base to serving national and international shuttling breeding was proposed.