关于中国戏曲表演艺术走上银幕的思考——困境与出路

Thoughts on Chinese Traditional Opera on the Screening——The Predicament and the Outlet

戏曲是中国传统文化的瑰宝,具有鲜明本质个性、美学风貌、思想内涵。而电影是19世纪末在现代工业和高科技发展下诞生的艺术形式,同样具有自己的本质属性。电影可以提供一切可视、可听的片段,更能提供后期编辑及报道等现场观众难以看到的内容,却不能提供戏曲的剧场效果,这恰恰是戏曲之所以是戏曲的重要元素。再则,电影是一种新的传播媒介,在作为载体传播戏曲的过程中,画面剪辑、角度选择、块面切割,不可避免的会对戏曲传统的表演体系产生影响。由此,我们不得不思考:怎样才能发挥电影媒介的特长,突破舞台局限,以达到将传统戏曲与现代电影蒙太奇手法相结合的两全其美的艺术境界。

As a treasure of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years,Chinese opera has been the entertainment and a major food for thought,which satisfies mass cultural needs of walks of all life,with distinct personality traits,aesthetic appearance and connotation.Film as a form of art with its own aesthetic properties was given birth in the late 19th century with help of modern industry as well as science and technology.After material collection and sorting,we find that film and drama are two different kinds of art,both with their own limitations.For example,the film screen can not only present images on stage,sound and all visual,audible elements,but also the contents such as backstage interviews,behind the scenes the audience can rarely see.What it can not provide is certain theatrical effects,that is,the ＂aura＂ jointly created by performers and audiences in which both can be encouraged and appreciated.It is precisely what makes the opera an opera.Again,the film as a new form of media,while on its way to present opera,will inevitably impact the opera performing system during the process picture editing,angle selection and image cutting.As a result,we ought to contemplate： How can we break the stage limitations and exert the advantages of the film,in order to reach the artistic wonderland where traditional opera and modern film montage are integrated at their best？