古代“衡山”地望与《禹贡》荆州范围综说

The General Analysis on the Situation of Ancient Hengshan and the Extention of Jingzhou in the Yu gong

《禹贡》"岷山之阳,至于衡山,过九江,至于敷浅原",又说"荆及衡阳为荆州",衡阳即衡山之阳。其中之衡山,古今学者多以为即湘南之衡山。但是荆州章名山大川、物贡特产、族群活动不见于江南(若湘南衡山除外),其转输贡道也不见有江南的水道,这就显出矛盾:广大的长江以南地区何以未有山川、贡物与贡道,其可考者如纳锡大龟、菁茅、砺、砥、砮、丹等贡物,以及运输贡道等都在长江以北?结合其他先秦文献有关衡山地望的考察,知早期衡山实为皖西南之衡山。这里是"江淮走廊"的南端,古代中原国家南进江南的主要通道,江汉地区与东南地区的交往也以此为据点,又是"大山宫小山"的地势,其成为中原与南方联系的桥头堡势所当然。湖南的衡山之名可能晚到战国末至秦汉间才有。如此,则荆州范围正当湖北荆山至于皖西南的衡山之阳,为中原文化区南部的边缘。从经学转向历史地看问题,衡山地望在大江以北不仅有文献记载可资证明,也见出中原文化渐次南传之经历。

Many scholars believed that the situation of ancient Hengshan,especially in the Yugong,was in Hunan province in the past.According to the Jingzhou chapter in Yugong,the mountains,products,ethnics and the roads to tribution,however,can＇t be found in the South of the Yangtze.Besides,combining with other literatures before Qin dynasty on the examine of the situation of Hengshan,we know the ancient Hengshan is the one of Southwest Anhui in fact.It is the South of Jianghuai corridor and the mainly connection channel between the Central Plains and the South of China.It is also the strongpoint in the association between Jianghan district and the southeast.It＇s granted that Hengshan is the bridge tower in the connection between the Central Plains and the South of China.Only at the end of the warring states or the Qin and Han,can we find the name Hengshan in Hunan province.Therefore,the extention of Jingzhou is from Jingshan in Hubei to the south of Hengshan in Southwest Anhui.It is the southern edge of early Central Plains culture area as well.