太原市大气颗粒物中有机物浓度的分布特征

Concentration of Organic Matter in TSP and Its Distribution in Taiyuan City

首次研究了太原市大气颗粒物中的有机物分布特征。收集了太原市不同功能区冬夏两季的大气颗粒样品,经抽提分离取得饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃、沥青质4组馏分。分析结果表明:(1)大气颗粒中有机物浓度在取暖期高于非取暖期;(2)各功能区的有机污染程度不同,太钢工业区>长风剧场商业居民混合区>一电厂化工区、太行文化区。(3)各馏分浓度中沥青质含量普遍高,饱和烃含量最低,非烃、芳香烃馏分居中,且相对较低。(4)太原市整体污染主要为煤的燃烧和工业生产、尾气排放。

TSP is one of the most important forms of air pollution,in which harmful organic matter can be absorbed and enter the human body resulting in different disease.In this paper,distribution characteristics of organic matter of TSP in Taiyuan city was originally researched.After analysed the samples collected in different function zones of Taiyuan city during heating and non heating seasons.the concentration and distribution of the organic matters in TSP including saturated hydrocarbon,aromatics,non hydrocarbons and asphaltenes are obtained,which shows that: 1)the concentration of organic matter during heating seasons is higher than that during non heating ones .2) the concentration of organic matter is various in different function zones,i.e.,industrial zone>commercial and living zone>chemical industry and culture zone.3) the order of concentration of organic compositions is asphaltenes>aromatics>non hydrocarbons>saturated hydrocarbon.4)pollution in Taiyuan city is mainly attributed to burning of coal,gas and industrial release. Since the air pollution of Taiyuan city mainly results from coal burning,which is more serious in winter than in summer,so it is necessary to take efficient measures such as collective heating supply and efficient dust removing methods to control it.Among functional zones,the industrial area of the steel plant is the most seriously polluted region where heavy industrial plants such as the steel plant and the mine machinery factory releasing waste gases to pollute air should be controlled.In addition,little stoves or boiler must be restricted.As the highest content of asphaltene in four organic compositions,the high efficient coat washing equipment should be adopted to retrieve asphat and tar before its trasportation and burning.During transportation,coal should be tightly packed.More efforts should be made in constructing artificial woods to improve the air quality of Taiyuan city