有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟品质及土壤的影响

Effect of Applying Organic Fertilizer with Chemical Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf Quality and Soil Fertility

为了改善植烟土壤的理化性状,提高土壤质量,研究了在高肥力土壤上几种有机肥(秸秆、菜籽饼和猪粪)与化肥配施对烤烟品质及土壤的影响。结果表明:与单施化肥相比(对照),化肥+秸秆处理有利于烟株的生长发育和提高烟叶的产量产值和上等烟比例;而化肥+菜籽饼处理对烟株前期的生长表现不佳,尽管产量比单施化肥增加12%,但上等烟比例较低;化肥+猪粪处理处于两者之间。有机肥与化肥配施明显提高了烟叶中的总糖、还原糖、糖碱比、氮碱比以及钾含量,同时降低了烟叶中总氮、烟碱和氯离子含量,从而使烟叶中的化学成分得到协调和平衡。有机肥与化肥配施后增加了土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和有效锌含量,在一定程度上改善了土壤的理化性状。

In order to improve the physicochemical characters and quality of soil, this experiment studies the effect of applying several organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizer on the flue-cured tobacco leaf quality and soil fertility. The results showed that straw mulch ＋ chemical fertilizer treatment could not only improve tobacco growth and develop- ment, but also increase the yield and the ratio of super-grade tobacco leaves. While rapeseed cake ＋ chemical tertilizer treatment impeded tobacco plant growth at the early stage. Although this treatment increased the yield by 12% compared with the CK, the ratio of super-grade leaves was relatively low. The effect of pig manure ＋ chemical fertilizer treatment was between the above mentioned 2 treatments. Applying organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer could distinctively increase the contents of total sugar, reduced sugar and potassium in leaves, and the ratios between sugar and nicotine, between nitrogen and nicotine. At the same time, it decreased the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and chloride, thus to adjust and balance the chemical components in tobacco leaf. Applying organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer could also improve the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available zinc content effectively and thus improved the soil physical and chemical properties.