腺病毒载体在疫苗研究中的应用

Application of Adenovirus as Vaccine Vectors

以病毒为载体的活疫苗为疾病预防和治疗研究提供了新手段。目前用于疫苗研究的病毒载体主要包括痘苗病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体、单纯疱疹病毒载体及逆转录病毒载体等。其中,重组腺病毒载体因其基因组大小适中,易于基因重组操作,繁殖滴度高,易于大量制备和保存,宿主范围广,转导效率高,安全性好,能刺激机体产生强烈的体液和细胞免疫反应等特点,而被广泛应用于重要感染性疾病及恶性肿瘤的疫苗研究。腺病毒载体在人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)疫苗研究和临床试验中的成败更是备受关注。然而,与其他载体疫苗一样,机体对载体的免疫反应仍是阻碍腺病毒载体疫苗在临床中广泛应用的主要问题。那么,腺病毒载体解决这类问题的优势何在?我们简要综述腺病毒载体的特点及其在疫苗研究中的应用和存在的问题,为进一步优化和利用腺病毒载体在疫苗方面的研究提供参考。

As virus vectors,live vaccine provides a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of disease.Currently employed viral vectors include vaccinia virus vectors,adenovirus vectors,adeno-associated virus vectors,herpes simplex virus vectors,retroviral vectors and etc.Recombinant adenovirus vectors,whose moderate genome is easy for recombination,can be grown to produce high titer stocks,have a wide host range,high efficient transduction,safe,easy to prepare and preserve.Furthermore the additional aptitudes for inducing potent humoral and cellular immune responses enable the adenovirus vectors to be explored in major infectious diseases and cancer vaccine development.Adenovirus vectors in HIV vaccine research and the progress of clinical trials have been concerned.However,as other vector vaccines,the immune response to the carrier is the major obstacle for widely clinical application of adenovirus vector vaccine.What are the advantages for the adenovirus vector to solve such problem？ The characteristics of adenovirus vector and application in vaccine research and the problems reviewed in this paper for further optimization and application of adenovirus in vaccine research in the reference.