乙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞在病毒清除过程中的作用

The Role of HBV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Viral Clearance

在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染过程中,适应性免疫与病毒的致病和清除密切相关。一般认为,体液免疫产生的抗体可以清除外周循环的病毒颗粒,从而阻止病毒在宿主体内的传播,细胞免疫主要清除被感染细胞中的病毒。HBV特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)在抑制HBV复制过程中发挥着重要的作用。CTL在肝内主要通过分泌γ干扰素抑制病毒,同时,当CTL识别HBV抗原后,HBV特异性CTL募集抗原非特异性炎症细胞对肝组织浸润,造成肝细胞的损伤。对CTL抗病毒作用进行深入研究,将为乙型肝炎的治疗开辟新的途径。

The adaptive immune response is thought to be responsible for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection.It is generally acknowledged that the humoral antibody response contributes to the clearance of circulating virus particles and the prevention of viral spread within the host while the cellular immune response eliminates infected cells.HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes（CTL） are believed to play a critical role in the control of HBV replication.The antiviral potential of the CTL is primarily mediated by noncytolytic mechanisms that involve the intra-hepatic production of IFN-γ by these cells.Following antigen recognition,HBV-specific CTL recruit antigen non-specific inflammatory cells that contribute to amplify the liver disease initiated by CTL.The research of CTL provided insight into immunological and virological processes that may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to terminate chronic HBV infection.