一个简化水资源评价模型

A SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF WATER RESOURCE

应用实测的径流、降水资料和计算的蒸发数据，建立了一个简化水资源评价模型。这一模型用下式表示：Ｐ ＝ Ｒ＋ ａＥｃ ＋ Ｕ，式中Ｐ表示实测的降水，Ｒ表示实测的径流，Ｅｃ 表示计算的蒸发，Ｕ 表示土壤中保存的水分，ａ 为对计算的蒸发的订正系数。应用这一模型对华北地区的水资源进行了评价。结果表明，虽然径流受人类活动的影响较大，但其丰枯仍主要受降水的影响。８０ 年代以来，由于人类活动对水资源影响的增大，华北地区水资源各分量之间的关系发生了很大变化。同时，我们还专门对丰水年和枯水年的水资源状况进行了研究。

Based on the observed runoff and precipitation and computed evaporation, a simplified model for evaluation of water resource is developed. The model is represented as followsP=R+aE c+U ,where P is observed precipitation, R is runoff, E c is computed evaporation, U is water stored in soil, α is a correction factor for computed evaporatin. By using the model the water resource in North China is evaluated. It is indicated that the plenty and deficiency of runoff is basically determined by precipitation though runoff is influenced largely by anthropogenic activities. Since 1980s, the relationship among different components of water source has changed greatly because of increase of anthropogenic activities. Water resource for high flow years and low flow years is also discussed.