《诗经》比喻研究的文化视角

A Study of Metaphors in Book of Poetry from the Perspective of Culture

比喻是《诗经》中运用最多、最突出的一种修辞手法,或曰表现手法。《诗经》为什么会运用如此众多的比喻?比喻的本体为什么大多是动物、植物、天气物候和自然物象?主要是因为《诗经》中的比喻有着深远的文化根基。具体说来,《诗经》中的比喻与神话思维、中国传统思维、中国古代审美意识、当时的社会生活和人们的宗教信仰有着密切的关系。换句话说,文化是我们研究《诗经》比喻的一把钥匙,中国传统思维模式和审美意识是我们解读《诗经》比喻的一条路径,宗教是我们认识《诗经》比喻的一个窗口。

Metaphor is a most outstanding and widely used rhetorical device,or technique of expression,in Book of Poetry.Why are there so many metaphors in Book of Poetry？ Why is it that most of the tenors are animals,plants,weather changes and other natural phenomena？ This is mainly because the metaphors in Book of Poetry have deep cultural roots.Specifically speaking,they are closely related to mythological thinking,traditional Chinese thinking,ancient Chinese aesthetic consciousness,people＇s religious belief and social life at that time.In other words,culture is a key to studying metaphors,traditional Chinese thinking and aesthetic consciousness are an access to interpreting metaphors,and religion offers a window into the understanding of the metaphors in Book of Poetry.