广东省部分运动员兴奋剂相关知识、态度、行为调查

Doping-related knowledge,attitude and behavior among some athletes in Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省运动员兴奋剂相关知识、态度和行为现状,提出反兴奋剂宣教、行为干预和监督管理的对策和建议。方法 2010年1月采用自编问卷对广东省体育运动技术学院所有参加年度体检的专业运动员进行有关兴奋剂相关知识、态度和行为的问卷调查,调查内容涉及兴奋剂的概念、使用,危害、品种、检查、处罚、防范以及反兴奋剂教育等。计量资料和计数资料分别应用单因素方差分析和2检验。结果共调查运动员561名,其中男性330人,女性231人。561名受调查运动员的兴奋剂相关知识总体及格率73.08%,平均得分(19.46±4.56)分(满分为28分);相对于≥16岁、男性、体能类运动员,<16岁、女性、技能类运动员兴奋剂相关知识及格率较低,分别为55.32%(78/141)、66.67%(154/231)、66.21%(241/364);相对于训练年限≥5年、技术等级一级及以上、参赛经历为国际或全国比赛、有兴奋剂检查经历的运动员,训练年限<5年、技术等级二级及以下、参赛经历为省市比赛、无兴奋剂检查经历的运动员兴奋剂相关知识及格率较低,分别为67.51%(160/237)、64.75%(79/122)、64.44%(87/135)、63.22%(153/242),以上因素对兴奋剂认知及格率及得分影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。79.86%(448/561)的运动员认为兴奋剂危害性严重,70.05%(393/561)能自觉采取防范措施,88.59%(497/561)在别人建议使用兴奋剂时能坚决拒绝,仅16.93%(95/561)经常关注《禁用清单》,尚有53.83%(302/561)兴奋剂防范意识不强,22.28%(125/561)对使用兴奋剂者持理解同情态度。结论受调查运动员对兴奋剂相关认知处于中等水平,且大多数运动员能充分认识兴奋剂的危害性并自觉采取防范措施。应加强对该人群的兴奋剂相关知识宣传教育、行为干预、监督管理,尤其是女性、低龄和技能类项目运动员。

Objective To investigate doping-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among athletes in Guangdong Province and to provide suggestions to anti-doping education, behavior intervention and supervision. Methods A self-design questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2010 for doping-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among all professional athletes of Guangdong Institute of Sports Technique who participated in the annual physical examination. The contents included the concept, use, hazards, varieties, inspection, penalties and prevention of doping as well as anti-doping education. One-way ANOVA and chi square test were used for measurement data and enumeration data, respectively. Results The pass rate of 561 investigated athletes for doping-related knowledge was 73.08% and the average score of knowledge was 19. 46 ± 4. 56 （Total score is 28 ）. The pass rates of doping-related knowledge of athletes aged 〈 16 years old, female, and skill sports were 55.32% （78/141）, 66. 67% （ 154/231 ）, and 66. 21% （241/364） , respectively. The pass rates of doping-related knowledge of the athletes whose training periods were 〈 5 years, whose technical grades were at level 2 and below, who had the experience of provincial or municipal competition, and who have no doping inspected experience, were 67. 51% （ 160/237 ） , 64. 75% （ 79/122 ） , 64. 44% （ 87/135 ） and 63.22% （ 153/242 ） , respectively. The above factors influencing pass rates and scores of doping-related cognition were all statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. 79. 86% （448/561） of athletes thought that doping was seriously dangerous, and 70. 05% （393/561） of them took preventive measures consciously, and 88. 59% （497/561） of them can firmly refuse to use doping when they were suggested by others, 16. 93% （95/561） of them often concerned about the ＂Prohibited List＂, 53.83% （302/561）of them did not have strong doping guard awareness, and 22. 28% （ 125/561 ）of them hold a understanding and sympathetic manner for doping user. Conclusion The doping-related cognition of the athletes investigated was at middle level, and most athletes can fully un- derstand the danger of doping and take preventive measures consciously. We should strengthen doping-re- lated education, behavior intervention and supervision for this group of people, especially female, younger and skill sports athletes.