论司马迁对先秦诸子心灵世界的申纾——以《史记·孔子世家》为中心

On the Description of the Pre-Qin Philosophers' Inner World by Sima Qian

在《史记·孔子世家》等传记作品的描述中,先秦诸子虽然秉性不同、理想殊途,但因"道"之不行而孤独悲怆,又因孤独悲怆而愤书立言,是他们共通的心路历程。这种内心世界是中华民族自强不息、刚健有为的文化心理的表征。《孔子世家》等作品不仅是在为先秦诸子立传,也是在为中华民族写心,具有文学史和心灵史的双重价值。

In the Confucius and other great thinkers＇ biography of the Historical Records,the ideal and personality of the Pre-Qin philosophers were different,but they all felt lonely and sorrow because of the failure of their doctrines.Further,the Pre-Qin philosophers wrote books as a result of the loss of ideal,and wanted to leave literary heritage.These are their common spiritual world,and they are the symbol of Chinese cultural spirits self-improvement.So the Confucius＇s Biography of the Historical Records and other biographical articles were written by Sima Qian not only for the Pre-Qin philosophers,but also for Chinese people.These works have dual value in the history of Chinese literature and national spirits.