虚拟水在我国水资源优化配置中的应用

The Applying of "Virtual Water" on Water Resource Optimization in China

蕴涵在产品和各种服务中的水就是虚拟水.本文计算了2005年全国各省区主要农畜产品的虚拟水含量,分析其在全国分布情况,探讨了各省区农畜产品的战略性调整和水资源有效配置.结果显示,各种农畜产品虚拟水含量区域间差别较大,结合各地水资源分析得出:水资源富足地区应发挥区域优势,开发和生产水资源密集型产品;水资源缺乏地区,需调整产业结构,发展高效益特色农业,通过虚拟水贸易减缓水资源压力,实现生态—经济—水的良性循环.

Water used in the production and service is called virtual water.This paper attempts to calculate virtual water contents in major agricultural and livestock products in 2005,analyse its distribution in main regions,and discuss how to adjust the structure of agricultural products and to utilize the water advantage in china,showing that there are clear differences on the virtual water contents among the regions.The result indicates that those areas with abundant water resources can take advantage of exportation agricultural products with high virtual water content;in other areas with water shortage,it is necessary to make strategic adjustment on agricultural structure,develop high-efficacious agriculture and import the agricultural products with high virtual water content in order to alleviate the pressure of water shortage.That is the way to realize the virtuous cycle of ecology-economic-water.