不同水文模型在Broken流域的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Different Hydrological Model and Their Application in Broken Catchment

流域水文模型对流域产汇流计算、洪水分析与预报以及水资源优化配置与调度等具有重大意义.本文选用三种比较常见的流域水文模型,介绍了各模型的结构、计算过程、应用范围等;随后将三个模型运用在澳大利亚Broken流域并且利用1966—1995年的日降雨、径流和蒸散发数据进行降雨产流分析.结果表明:Nash-Sutcliffe的效率系数均达到了80%以上,径流总量相对误差系数RE对于萨克拉门托模型和SIMHYD模型均在10%以内,而Tank模型的检验期超出了10%.通过对三个模型运用结果的分析和比较,SIMHYD模型是适合于该流域的最理想的流域水文模型.

Hydrological model has an important application in runoff,flood forecasting and optimal water resources allocation issues.In this paper,three hydrological models were introduced with their structure,calculation and application field.The three models were then used in an Australian-Broken catchment.By using the hydrological series of rainfall,runoff and evapotranspiration from 1966 to 1995,the rainfall-runoff process in this catchment is simulated.The results showed that： the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient reached 80% for all these models,and the error of total runoff RE is less than 10% for Simhyd and Sacromento model whereas more than 10% for Tank model.After comparison,the SIMHYD model is the ideal model which can best simulate the rainfall-runoff process in this catchment.